...If you aren’t sure how to start the creature design task for your Ecosystem Project, or if the thought of populating a multi...

...Later, I’ll show you an actual 2D CA (the Game of Life), and I’ll cover how to visualize such a system.
The...

...How can you get the tree to stand up and not fall down?
L-systems
In 1968, Hungarian botanist Aristid Lindenmayer developed a grammar...

...me to clearly demonstrate the training process and show how the perceptron learns.
The question therefore becomes, how do I pick a point and...

...However, since you’re reading this book to develop simulations of natural systems, it’s worth looking at how you might use a GA...

...The paper describes how a simulated spacecraft—in a game aptly named Lunar Lander—can learn how to safely descend and land on a...

...to rewriting the same code for fish, horses, koalas, and lemurs, this process will become rather tedious. A better solution is to develop a...

...Think about the pendulum arm for a moment. Is it a metal rod? A string? A rubber band? How is it attached to the...

...Here’s how to put the result in a separate vector instead:
How about if you want to scale the vector (multiply by a...